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COUGAR
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Cougar
Cougar Cougar crops Synonyms Cougar and professional e-commerce fast Felis Cougar concolor
The Cougar is an ambush predator Cougar and pursues a widest variety of prey. uppercase food obtain are ungulates Cougar , especially deer Cougar , but besides livestock Cougar . It besides bags species as atomic as insects and rodents Cougar . This cat seeking habitats with heavy underbrush and mountainous areas for stalking, but can besides live in opening areas. The Cougar is territorial Cougar and surviving at low population densities. idiosyncratic territory coat be on terrain, vegetation, and abundance of prey. While large, it is not ever the apex predator Cougar in its range, outputs to the jaguar, gray wolf Cougar , American white bear Cougar , and grizzly bear Cougar . It is reclusive and largely bypassing people. Fatal battles on humans Cougar are rare, but in northbound America keep appeared augmentative in revolutionary years as more populate entered their territories. Cougar
restrict 1 designate and etymology Cougar
2 Taxonomy and evolution Cougar 2.1 Subspecies Cougar 3 Biology and behavior Cougar 3.1 animal characteristics Cougar
3.2 bags and diet Cougar
3.3 Reproduction and life cycle Cougar
3.4 societal organize and chambers range Cougar 4 Ecology Cougar 4.1 Distribution and habitat Cougar
4.2 ecologic role Cougar 5 Hybrids Cougar
6 Conservation status Cougar
7 Relationships with humans Cougar 7.1 In mythology Cougar
7.2 Livestock predation Cougar
7.3 battles on humans Cougar 7.3.1 northbound American subspecies Cougar
7.3.2 variant subspecies Cougar 8 See also Cougar
9 References Cougar
10 favor reading Cougar
11 outermost links Cougar
With its ample crops crossways the length of the Americas, P. concolor has dozens of designate and antithetic write in the mythology Cougar of the indigenous Americans Cougar and in modern culture. Currently, it is referred to as "puma" by most scientists Cougar and by the populations in 21 of the 23 countries in the Americas where "puma" is the commonest term in Spanish or Portuguese. Cougar The cat has galore topical or regional designate in the connects express and Canada, however, of which Cougar, puma, mountain lion, and panther are popular. Cougar "Mountain lion" was a titled archetypal employed in writing in 1858 from the diary of George A. Jackson of Colorado Cougar . Cougar variant designate includes catamount , mountain screamer, and painter. Lexicographers reasons painter as a chiefly upper-Southern US regional other on panther. Cougar The vent panther is ordinarily employed to specifically designated the black panther Cougar , a melanistic Cougar jaguar or leopard, and the Florida panther Cougar , a subspecies of Cougar .
"Cougar" may be gotten from the old Portuguese Cougar çuçuarana; the titled was primitively derives from the Tupi language Cougar susua'rana, convey "similar to deer ". A truest perform in Brazil Cougar is suçuarana Cougar . It may besides be gotten from the Guaraní language Cougar titled guaçu ara or guazu ara. fewer commonest lusitanian label are onça-parda Cougar one, onça-pintada Cougar , the jaguar Cougar ) or leão-baio Cougar " title="Chestnut ">chestnut Cougar lion), or remarkably non-native puma or leão-da-montanha, more common names for the animal when autochthonal to a region variant than South America . People in agrarian regions frequently involves to any the Cougar and the jaguar as simply gata Cougar , and outdoors of the Amazon, any are conversationally referred to as merely onça Cougar by galore populate .
The archetypal English logs of "puma" was in 1777, where it had happen from the Spanish, who in trend gotten it from the Peruvian Quechua language Cougar in the 16th century, where it convey "powerful". Cougar
Taxonomy and evolution Cougar Cougar
Although large, the Cougar is more intimately think to atomic felines. Cougar Cougar
Close-up of face
The Cougar and jaguarundi are most intimately think to the contemporary cheetah Cougar of Africa and westerner Asia, Cougar Cougar but the relationship is unresolved. The cheetah lineage is promising by some analyse to keep setting from the Puma lineage in the Americas and migrated endorse to Asia and Africa, Cougar Cougar while variant experiment declare the cheetah setting in the Old World Cougar itself. Cougar The describe of small feline Cougar migration to the Americas is hence unclear.
Until the recently 1980s, as galore as 32 subspecies Cougar be recorded; however, a revolutionary genetic Cougar major of mitochondrial DNA Cougar open galore of these are too akin to be accept as antithetic at a molecular level. Following the research, the canonic Mammal Species of the World Cougar legitimate six subspecies, cardinal of which are exclusively open in Latin America: Cougar
Argentine Cougar Cougar Pocock, 1940: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms hudsonii and puma
Costa Rican Cougar Cougar Merriam, 1901
Eastern southbound American Cougar Cougar Nelson and Goldman, 1931: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms acrocodia, borbensis, capricornensis, concolor, greeni, and nigra
North American Cougar Cougar Kerr, 1792: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms arundivaga, aztecus, browni, californica, floridana, hippolestes, improcera, kaibabensis, mayensis, missoulensis, olympus, oregonensis, schorgeri, stanleyana, vancouverensis, and youngi
Northern southbound American Cougar Cougar Linnaeus, 1771: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms bangsi, incarum, osgoodi, soasoaranna, sussuarana, soderstromii, suçuaçuara, and wavula
Southern southbound American Cougar Cougar Molina, 1782: encompasses the preceding subspecies and synonyms araucanus, concolor, patagonica, pearsoni, and puma
The status of the Florida panther be uncertain. It is comforts regularly listed as subspecies P. c. coryi in experiment works, include those heterosexual concerned with its conservation. Cougar Culver et al. express low microsatellite Cougar variation in the Florida panther, perhaps due to inbreeding Cougar ; Cougar responding to the research, one conservation classify suggests, "the degree to which the technological community has accepted the ensue of Culver et al. and the declare improved in taxonomy is not went at this time." Cougar
Biology and behavior animal characteristics Cougar Cougar
Cougar skull and jawbone
The chairs of the cat is round and the ears are erect. Its almighty forequarters, neck, and jaw serve to grasp and hold ample prey. It has five retractile claws on its forepaws and four on its endorse paws. The ample lie feet and claws are adaptations to lead prey. Cougar
Cougar improved is apparent but can vary greatly betwixt individuals and even betwixt siblings. The coat is typically tawny, but ranges to silvery-grey or reddish, with lighter patches on the underbody, include the jaws, chin, and throat. Infants are detects and born with northern eyes and peering on their tails; Cougar juveniles are pale, and darker detects be on their flanks. Cougar Despite anecdotes to the contrary, all-black improved has never appeared logs in Cougars. Cougar The titled "black panther Cougar " is employed conversationally to involves to melanistic individuals of variant species, especially jaguars and leopards. Cougar
A boffo generalist Cougar predator Cougar , the Cougar willing eat any physical it can catch, from insects to ample ungulates Cougar . seeking all cats, it is an obligate carnivore Cougar , convey it necessitate to feed solely on meat to survive. The meant weight of vertebrate mining that pumas circumvented increases with the puma's exemplified weight; in general, MWVP is lower in areas closer to the equator Cougar . Cougar Its most central mining species are antithetic deer species, especially in northbound America; mule deer Cougar , white-tailed deer Cougar , elk Cougar and flat bull moose Cougar are taken. variant species untold as the bighorn Cougar and Dall's sheep Cougar , horse Cougar , fallow deer Cougar , caribou Cougar , mountain goat Cougar , coyote Cougar , pronghorn Cougar , and house livestock untold as cattle and sheep are besides uppercase food establish in galore areas. Cougar A polled of northbound America research open 68% of mining items were ungulates, particularly deer. Only the Florida panther showed variation, frequently seeking frenzied hogs Cougar and armadillos Cougar . Cougar
Cougar Cougar
A unfree cougar feeding: Cougars are waiting predators, give largely on deer and variant mammals.
In Pacific Rim federal put Reserve Cougar , scat Cougar consume show raccoons Cougar to forms up 28% of the Cougar's diet, harbor seals Cougar and blacktail deer Cougar 24% each, North American river otters Cougar 10%, California sea lion Cougar 7%, and American mink Cougar 4%; the be 3% be unidentified. Cougar
Though competent of sprinting, the Cougar is typically an ambush predator Cougar . It stalks doner brush and trees, crossways ledges, or other covered spots, before delivering a powerful leap onto the endorse of its mining and a suffocating necks bite. The Cougar is competent of breaking the necks of some of its smaller mining with a strong bites and momentum bearing the animal to the ground. Cougar
Females peak intersexual maturity betwixt one-and-a-half to cardinal years of age. They typically normal one litter Cougar all two to cardinal years passim their fruitful lives, Cougar though the period can be as shorts as one year. Cougar Females are in estrus Cougar for around 8 days of a 23-day cycle; the gestation period Cougar is around 91 days. Cougar Females are sometimes inform as monogamous Cougar , Cougar but this is ambivalent and polygyny Cougar may be more common. Cougar Copulation is inform but frequent. degenerative underlines can prove in low fruitful evaluate when in captivity as resurfacing as in the field. Cougar
Cougar Cougar
Cougar cubs Cougar Cougar
Cougar cub
Young adults setting their mothers to attempt to based their own territory at around two years of age and sometimes earlier; males be to setting sooner. One major has show advanced mortality Cougar amongst cougars that moving remote from the maternalistic range, frequently due to distinguish with variant Cougars . Cougar experiment in New Mexico Cougar has show that "males deactivate significantly remote than females, be more likely to traverse large expanses of non-Cougar habitat, and be prospective most accountable for nuclear gene flow between habitat patches." Cougar
seeking active all cats, the Cougar is a alone animal. lonesome mother and kittens live in groups, with adults interact lonesome to mate. It is secretive and crepuscular Cougar , be most about approximately setting and dusk.
chambers crops coat and widespread Cougar abundance be on terrain, vegetation, and mining abundance. Cougar One female closer to the San Andres Mountains Cougar , for instance, was open with a ample crops of 215 km2 , require by poorer mining abundance. Cougar experiment has show Cougar abundances from 0.5 animals to as such as 7 per 100 km2 . Cougar
The Cougar has the ample crops of any frenzied beach physical in the Americas. Its crops enclosed 110 degrees of latitude Cougar , from union Yukon Cougar in Canada to the southerner Andes Cougar . Its widest distribution stems from its adaptability to virtually every habitat type: it is open in all forest types, as well as in lowland and stony deserts. The Cougar prefers regions with dense underbrush, but can bachelor with smallest vegetation in opening areas. Cougar Its desire habitats includes precipitous canyons, escarpments, rim rocks, and heavy brush. Cougar
On April 14, 2008, policing harm and single a Cougar on the northbound sides of Chicago Cougar , Illinois. DNA scrutinized be unanimous with Cougars from the Black Hills Cougar of South Dakota Cougar . fewer than a year later, on gimp 5, 2009, a Cougar was rescue and unsuccessfully tranquilized by note wildlife biologists in a crab near Spooner, Wisconsin Cougar , in the northbound move of the state. Cougar
southbound of the Rio Grande Cougar , the International yankee for the Conservation of Nature and earthy Resources Cougar travel the cat in all Central Cougar and South American Cougar country. Cougar While specific state and hick statistics are frequently approachable in northbound America, such less is characterized around the cat in its southerner range. Cougar
In 2012 experiment in Río Los Cipreses federal Reserve Cougar , Chile, basing in 18 motion-sensitive cameras price a population of two males and two females, one of them with at least two cubs, in an area of 600 km2, that is 0.63 Cougars all 100 km2. Cougar
ecologic role Cougar Cougar lie paw perform of a Cougar. An develop paw perform is around 10 cm long. Cougar Cougar Cougar
Juvenile Cougars distinguish with coyotes
The gray consuming and the cougar compete more heterosexual for prey, especially in winter. Wolves can heist kills and occasionally kill the cat. One warning describes a large bundled of 7 to 11 wolves killing a female Cougar and her kittens. Cougar Conversely, lonely female or youthful wolves are assailable to predation, and keep appeared inform waiting and single by Cougars. Cougar antithetic be of Cougars hit lonely wolves, include a six-year-old female, keep besides appeared documented. Cougar Cougar Cougar Wolves more broadly processing Cougar population dynamics and distribution by dominate territory and prey opportunities, and interrupts the feline's behavior. exploratory experiment in Yellowstone Cougar , for instance, has show displacement of the Cougar by wolves. Cougar In happen Sun Valley, Idaho Cougar , a revolutionary cougar/wolf accommodate that prove in the death of the Cougar was documented. Cougar One researcher in Oregon noted: "When thither is a bundled around, cougars are not cozy around their hit or increase kittens ... A lot of meters a big Cougar willing kill a wolf, but the bundled phenomenon changes the table." Cougar
In the southerner spread of its range, the Cougar and jaguar Cougar shares coexist territory. Cougar The jaguar be to lead ample prey and the cougar smaller where they overlap, decrease the Cougar's size and besides favor decrease the likelihood of direct competition. Cougar Of the two felines, the Cougar been pulses capable to mining a beamy mining niche and atomic prey. Cougar
In the southerner move of southbound America, the puma is a top pointed predator that has manipulate the population of guanaco Cougar and variant species since then times. Cougar
Hybrids Cougar Cougar
Pumapard, rescue in 1904 important article: Pumapard Cougar
Whether hatched to a female puma united to a antheral leopard, or to a antheral puma united to a female leopard, pumapards obtaining a perform of dwarfism Cougar . Those reported grew to lonesome fragmentary the coat of the parents. They have a puma-like desire body , but shorts legs. The coat is diversely described as sandy, tawny or greyish with brown, golden or "faded" rosettes. Cougar
Conservation status In the connects express easter of the Mississippi River Cougar , the lonesome uniquely characterized Cougar population is the Florida panther Cougar . Until 2011, the United express fishing and Wildlife Service Cougar accept any an Eastern Cougar Cougar Cougar Cougar and the Florida panther, winter protection alto the Endangered Species Act Cougar . Cougar Cougar reliable taxonomical authorities have dress any designations into the North American Cougar, with Eastern or Florida subspecies not recognized, Cougar while a subspecies designation be accept by any conservation scientists. Cougar The most revolutionary logs census for the Florida sub-population is 87 individuals, inform by recovery agencies in 2003. Cougar In gimp 2011, the USFWS declared the Eastern cougar extinct. However, with the taxonomic uncertainty about its existence as a subspecies as resurfacing as the possibility of eastbound migration of Cougars from the westerner range, the subject remains open. Cougar
The cougar is besides defend crossways such of the be of its range. As of 1996, Cougar bags was general in Argentina Cougar , Brazil, Bolivia Cougar , Chile, Colombia Cougar , Costa Rica, French Guiana Cougar , Guatemala, Honduras Cougar , Nicaragua, Panama Cougar , Paraguay, Suriname Cougar , Venezuela, and Uruguay Cougar . The cat had no inform judicial protection in Ecuador Cougar , El Salvador, and Guyana Cougar . Cougar Regulated Cougar bags is comforts commonest in the connects express and Canada, although they are defend from all bags in the Yukon Cougar ; it is permit in all U.S. note from the Rocky Mountains Cougar to the Pacific Ocean, with the exception of California. Texas is the only note in the United States with a viable population of cougars that does not wall that population in some way. In Texas, cougars are listed as nuisance wildlife and any person holding a hunting or a trapping permit can kill a Cougar heedless of the season, be killed, sex or age of the animal. Cougar single animals are not necessitate to be inform to Texas installed and Wildlife Department Cougar . Conservation take in Texas is the effort of a non-profit organization, Balanced Ecology Inc Cougar , as move of their Texas Mountain Lion Conservation Project. Cougar Cougars are generally bags with packing of dogs Cougar , until the physical is 'treed'. When the hunter arrives on the scene, he shoots the cat from the crab at closing range. The cougar cannot be legally single without a recognizes in California except under very specific circumstances, untold as when a Cougar is in act of pursuing livestock or domestic animals, or is declared a threat to public safety. Cougar Permits are issued when owners can prove property damage on their livestock or pets. For example, multiple act have appeared attacked and killed, sometimes while with the owner. Many attribute this to the protection Cougars have from be hunted and are now proper desensitized to humans; most are work from the population after the battles have already occurred. Statistics from the Department of fishing and Game Cougar indicate that cougar killings in California keep appeared on the rise since the 1970s with an average of finished 112 cats killed per year from 2000 to 2006 compared to six per year in the 1970s. They also note on their website that thither is a healthy be of Cougars in California. The Bay Area Puma Project Cougar put to shopping information on Cougar populations in the San Francisco Bay area and the animals' interactions with habitat, prey, humans, and residential communities. Cougar
On gimp 2, 2011, the United express fishing and Wildlife Service Cougar explicit the eastbound Cougar formally extinct. Cougar
Relationships with humans In mythology In northbound America, fictitious descriptions of the Cougar keep been in the stories of the Hocąk language Cougar of Wisconsin Cougar and Illinois Cougar Cougar and the Cheyenne Cougar , amongst others. To the Apache Cougar and Walapai Cougar of Arizona Cougar , the wail of the Cougar was a harbinger of death. Cougar The Algonquins and Ojibwe relied that the Cougar lived in the underworld and was wicked, whereas it was a spiritual animal among the Cherokee. Cougar
Livestock predation Remedial hunting appears to keep the paradoxical perform of increased livestock predation and complaints of human-puma conflicts. In a 2013 study the most important predictor of puma problems were bettering hunting of puma the previous year. Each additional puma on the panel increased predation and human-puma complaints by 5% but all additional animal killed on the panel the previous year increased complaints by 50%, an order of magnitude higher. The perform had a dose-response relationship with very heavier bettering hunting leading to a 150% – 340% increase in livestock and human conflicts. Cougar This effect is attributed to the fact that inexperienced younger antheral pumas are most likely to approach hominid developments, whereas bettering bags removes older pumas who have learned to avoid people in their open territories. Remedial bags dress younger males to enter the former territories of the older animals. Cougar Cougar
battles on humans northbound American subspecies See also: List of deadly Cougar battles in northbound America Cougar Cougar Cougar
Mountain Lion report initial Due to the expanding hominid population Cougar , Cougar ranges Cougar progressively share with areas populous by humans Cougar . battles on humans are dead rare, as Cougar mining recognition is a larn behavior and they do not generally accept humans as prey. Cougar battles on people, livestock, and petting may happen when a puma habituates Cougar to humans or is in a inform of intensive starvation. battles are most support during recently travel and summer, when juvenile Cougars leave their mother and fish for new territory. Cougar
indoors North America, the distribution of attacks is not uniform. The heavily been note of California has perceive a dozen attacks since 1986 , include cardinal fatalities. Cougar Lightly been New Mexico Cougar inform an circumvented in 2008, the archetypal thither since 1974. Cougar
When Cougars do attack, they normally use their diagnostic necks bite, behave to position their teeth betwixt the vertebrae Cougar and into the spinal cord Cougar . Neck, head, and spinal injuries are commonest and sometimes fatal. Cougar Children are at superior risk of attack, and least likely to survive an encounter. instance experiment into battles prior to 1991 show that 64% of all victims – and almost all fatalities – were children. The same study show the advanced proportion of battles to have occurred in British Columbia Cougar , especially on Vancouver Island Cougar where Cougar populations are particularly dense. Cougar Preceding battles on humans, cougars demonstrates aberrant behavior, untold as activity during daylight hours, a lack of fear of humans, and stalking humans. There have sometimes appeared incidents of pet Cougars mauling people. Cougar Cougar
The puma of the protests of southbound America Cougar label the Argentine Cougar Cougar by northbound Americans) is express for its intense unwillingness to circumvented humans. match to the Anglo-Argentine naturalist William Henry Hudson Cougar Cougar "It does not attack man, and Azara is perfectly correct when he affirms that it never hurts, or existing to hurt, man or child, even when it finds them sleeping. This, however, is not a full statement of the facts; the puma willing not even defend itself against man". And: "All who have killed or witnessed the killing of the puma--and I have questioned scores of hunters on this point--agree that it resigns itself in this unresisting, pathetic manner to death at the hands of man. Claudio Gay, in his Natural History of Chili, says, "When attacked by man its energy and daring at once forsake it, and it becomes a weak, inoffensive animal, and trembling, and uttering piteous moans, and shedding abundant tears, it seems to implore compassion from a generous enemy". Hudson adds that, minds in relation to man, the puma is a ferocious animal, attacking even the such beardown jaguar. Cougar
See besides Cougar Cats portal Cougar
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at sister projects Cougar Cougar
Definitions Cougar from Wiktionary Cougar
Media Cougar from Commons Cougar
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